![]() J Med Case Rep 5:18ĭobmeyer DJ, Stine RA, Leier CV, Greenberg R, Schaal SF (1983) The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings. Raven Press, New York, pp 97–150ĭiRocco JR, During A, Morelli PJ, Heyden M, Biancaniello TA (2011) Atrial fibrillation in healthy adolescents after highly caffeinated beverage consumption: two case reports. In: Garattini S (ed) Caffeine, coffee and health. Mol Pharmacol 17:295–300ĭaly JW (1993) Mechanism of action of caffeine. Life Sci 74:1889–1898Ĭhovan JP, Kulakowski EC, Sheakowski S, Schaffer SW (1980) Calcium regulation by the low-affinity taurine binding sarcolemma. Arzneimittelforschung 48:360–364Ĭhen W, Matuda K, Nishimura N, Yokogoshi H (2004) The effect of taurine on cholesterol degradation in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Med J Aust 174:520–521Ĭhahine R, Feng J (1998) Protective effects of taurine against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in isolated ischemic rat heart. Annu Rev Physiol 59:437–455Ĭannon ME, Cooke CT, McCarthy JS (2001) Caffeine-induced cardiac arrhythmia: an unrecognised danger of healthfood products. Amino Acids 31:471–476īurg MB, Kwon ED, Kultz D (1997) Regulation of gene expression by hypertonicity. Med J Aust 190:41–43īichler A, Swenson A, Harris MA (2006) A combination of caffeine and taurine has no effect on short term memory but induces changes in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. Amino Acids 20:75–82īerger AJ, Alford K (2009) Cardiac arrest in a young man following excess consumption of caffeinated “energy drinks”. Clin Cardiol 8:276–282īaum M, Weiss M (2001) The influence of a taurine containing drink on cardiac parameters before and after exercise measured by echocardiography. News release 11.06.07, Scientific Sessions, OrlandoĪzuma J, Sawamura A, Awata N, Ohta H, Hamaguchi T, Harada H, Takihara K, Hasegawa H, Yamagami T, Ishiyama T et al (1985) Therapeutic effect of taurine in congestive heart failure: a double-blind crossover trial. Amino Acids 21:139–150Īmerican Heart Association (2007) Energy drinks may pose risks for people with high blood pressure, heart disease. EFSA J 935:1–31Īlford C, Cox H, Wescott R (2001) The effects of red bull energy drink on human performance and mood. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 1:293–311Īguilar F, Charrondiere UR, Dusemund B, Galtier P, Gilbert J, Gott DM, Grilli S, Guertler R, Kass GEN, Koenig J, Lambre C, Larsen JC, Leblanc JC, Mortensen A, Parent-Massin D, Pratt I, Rietjens IMCM, Stankovic I, Tobback P, Verguieva T, Woutersen RA (2009) The use of taurine and D-glucurono-gamma-lactone as constituents of the so-called “energy” drinks. Vasc Pharmacol 40:219–228Ībebe W, Mozaffari MS (2011) Role of taurine in the vasculature: an overview of experimental and human studies. Amino Acids 19:615–623Ībebe W, Mozaffari MS (2004) Effect of taurine deficiency on adenosine receptor-mediated relaxation of the rat aorta. At the cardiovascular level, they concluded that “if there are any interactions between caffeine and taurine, taurine might reduce the cardiovascular effects of caffeine.” Although these interactions remain to be further examined in humans, the physiological functions of taurine appear to be inconsistent with the adverse cardiovascular symptoms associated with excessive consumption of caffeine–taurine containing beverages.Ībebe W, Mozaffari MS (2000) Effect of chronic taurine treatment on reactivity of rat aorta. In agreement with this conclusion, the European Union’s Scientific Committee on Food published a report in March 2003 summarizing its investigation into potential interactions of the ingredients in energy drinks. However, based on this review regarding possible interactions between caffeine and taurine, we conclude that taurine should neutralize several untoward effects of caffeine excess. Although taurine is considered a conditionally essential nutrient for humans and is thought to play a key role in several human diseases, clinical studies evaluating the effects of taurine are limited. One of the active ingredients often mentioned as a candidate for interactions with caffeine is the beta-amino acid, taurine. Although the effects of caffeine excess have been widely studied, little information is available on potential interactions between the other active ingredients of energy drinks and caffeine. Most of the safety concerns have centered on the effect of energy drinks on cardiovascular and central nervous system function. ![]() However, accompanying the exponential growth in energy drink usage have been recent case reports and analyses from the National Poison Data System, raising questions regarding the safety of energy drinks. The major impetus behind the rise in energy drink popularity among adults is their ability to heighten mental alertness, improve physical performance and supply energy.
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